The most effective method to control air pollution is to prevent the formation of pollutants or to reduce their emission at the source itself.
(i) Source correction methods: In case of industrial pollutants, the designing and development of plants may be so selected so as to have minimum emission of air pollutants.
Examples:
(a) By suitable design modification of the tanks, evaporation from petroleum refineries can be minimized.
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(b) Use of correct grade of raw material like low-sulphur oil and coal is recommended.
(ii) Cleaning of gaseous effluents’. These techniques control pollution by the removal of pollutants from the exhaust. These methods are used in combination with source correction methods.
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(a) For gaseous pollutants:
The gaseous pollutants are removed by absorption in a liquid, or adsorption on a solid. Catalytic converters are also used as they convert gaseous air pollutants into harmless gases.
(b) For particulates:
Following techniques are generally used for control of particulate emissions:
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I. Gravitational settling chambers,
II. Cyclone separators,
III. Fabric Filters,
IV. Electrostatic precipitators,
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V. Wet scrubber etc.