832 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Forgetting” for Psychology Students – Part 3:
201. Psychology was established as an independent experimental science in the year:
(a) 1978
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(b) 1798
(c) 1879
(d) 1789
202. A coherent and inclusive, yet flexible, organization and interpretation of the facts and special theories of the subject is called:
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(a) A system
(b) A theory
(c) A group
(d) A school
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203. When we pay attention to a cluster of ideas brought together to form a coherent set of belief about psychology, it constitutes a:
(a) School
(b) System
(c) Theory
(d) Concept
204. Who has defined “system” in the following way?
“By the term psychological system is implied a coherent and inclusive, yet flexible, organization and interpretation of the facts and special theories of the subject”.
(a) J. B. Watson (1920)
(b) Max Wertheimer (1914)
(c) E. B. Titchner (1890)
(d) Mc Geoch (1933)
205. When we pay attention to a group of associated psychologists, it constitutes:
(a) Group of Psychology
(b) School of Psychology
(c) System of Psychology
(d) Era of Psychology
206. The system founded by E. B. Titchener is popularly known as:
(a) Functionalism
(b) Structuralism
(c) Behaviourism
(d) Psychoanalysis
207. Which system stresses that psychology is the study of conscious experience which, through the method of introspection, can be analysed into its three basic elements- sensation, feelings and images:
(a) Psychoanalysis
(b) Behaviourism
(c) Structuralism
(d) Functionalism
208. Functionalism, as a system, was founded by:
(a) J.B. Watson
(b) William James
(c) Max Wertheimer
(d) E. B. Titchner
209. Which school of Psychology emphasized upon functional utility of consciousness but not on its analytical character?
(a) Functionalism
(b) Structuralism
(c) Behaviourism
(d) Gestalt Psychology
210. As a school, Functionalism was founded by:
(a) Titchener and Wundt
(b) John Dewey and Angell
(c) James and Wertheimer
(d) James and Watson
211. A set of related assumptions from which, by reasoning, testable hypothesis can be generated is called a:
(a) Theory
(b) Hypothesis
(c) System
(d) School
212. In psychology, some systems approve the idea that both mind and body exist. Such systems are called as:
(a) Dualistic systems
(b) Ritualistic systems
(c) Bipolar systems
(d) Evaluative systems
213. The first dualistic system, Structuralism was named as “doctrine of psychophysical parallelism” by:
(a) J.B. Watson
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) R.I. Watson
214. Deterministic view maintains that any behaviour at the present is determined by:
(a) What has happened in the past
(b) What will happen in future
(c) Both the past and future experience
(d) Both the present and future experience
215. J. B. Watson and Sigmund Freud are supporters of:
(a) Mind-body relationship
(b) Deterministic view point in Psychology
(c) Extreme environmentalism
(d) Hereditary principles
216. The supporters of teleology believe that:
(a) Our future determines present behaviour
(b) Our past experience determines present behaviour
(c) Our heredity determines our behaviour
(d) Our place of birth determines our behaviour
217. Who was regarded as the father of modern psychology?
(a) Rene Descartes
(b) Gattfried Leibnitz
(c) Benedict Spinoza
(d) John Locke
218. The book entitled “The Passions of Soul” was written by:
(a) John Locke
(b) Rene Descartes
(c) J. B. Watson
(d) Sigmund Freud
219. Who believed that mind is like a “tabula rasa” or a blank sheet of paper upon which, due to experiences of various sort, ideas are written?
(a) David Hartley
(b) George Barkeley
(c) John Locke
(d) David Hume
220. Who has been regarded as the father of British Associationism?
(a) George Barkeley
(b) John Locke
(c) David Hartley
(d) David Hume
221. Who is popularly known as the father of scientific pedagogy?
(a) J. F. Herbart
(b) John Locke
(c) Rene Descartes
(d) Sigmund Freud
222. According to Herbart, each idea has a tendency of:
(a) Self-actualization
(b) Self-preservation
(c) Self-confidence
(d) Self-observation
223. Psychophysics is the science which tries to investigate the quantitative relationship between physical stimulus and resulting:
(a) Psychological Experience
(b) Physiological Experience
(c) Emotional Experience
(d) Perceptual Experience
224. Who was regarded as father of psychophysics?
(a) Johannes Muller
(b) F.J. Gall
(c) E.H. Weber
(d) G. T. Fechner
225. The doctrine of phrenology was born with:
(a) John Locke
(b) F.J. Gail
(c) Johannes Muller
(d) G. T. Fechner
226. Which law stated that conduction in nerve occurs in one direction only?
(a) Law of forward direction in the nervous system (Bell)
(b) Fechner’s Law
(c) Weber’s Law
(d) Law of backwaid direction in the nervous system
227. In 1826, Bell demonstrated that sensation from muscles was necessary for better motor control. This is named as:
(a) Brain circle
(b) Motivational cycle
(c) Blood cycle
(d) Nervous circle
228. The automatic and involuntary action or response towards a stimulus is called:
(a) Reaction time
(b) Reflex
(c) Nervous action
(d) Physiological action
229. The book “Hereditary genius” was written by:
(a) Sir Francis Galton
(b) Charles Darwin
(c) John Locke
(d) J.B. Watson
230. The concept of phrenology was an important doctrine which was originally practised by:
(a) John Locke
(b) Franz Gall
(c) Sir Francis Galton
(d) Charles Darwin
231. Directly impressed by the concept of variation and natural selection, Galton propounded the concept of individual difference—a concept which laid the foundation for a branch of psychology popularly known as:
(a) Psychophysics
(b) Psychophysiology
(c) Neurophysiology
(d) Psychometrics
232. Psychophysics had started with Weber’s experimentations but flourished with:
(a) Locke’s efforts
(b) Fechner’s efforts
(c) Galton’s efforts
(d) Gall’s efforts
233. Maximum Works of Helmholtz were based upon:
(a) Physics
(b) Sense physiology
(c) Psychophysics
(d) Psychometrics
234. Reaction time experiments conducted by Bessel gave rise to:
(a) Psychometrics
(b) Personal Equations
(c) Physiotherapy
(d) Psychotherapy
235. Who is regarded as a forerunner of testing movement in Psychology?
(a) John Locke
(b) Francis Galton
(c) Franz Gall
(d) B.F. Skinner
236. Wilhelm Wundt’s book “Principles, of Physiological Psychology” was directly the product of his interest in:
(a) Physiology and Anatomy
(b) Physiology and Psychology
(c) Psychology and Physics
(d) Psychology and Chemistry
237. Wundt proposed his “Systematic Psychology” in his book:
(a) Physiological Psychology
(b) Outline of Psychology
(c) Systematic Psychology
(d) Experimental Psychology
238. For Wundt, psychology is broadly the science of:
(a) Experience
(b) Ego
(c) Unconscious
(d) Sex energy
239. Wundt has pointed out the conscious experience could be analysed in terms of two psychical elements and these are:
(a) Ego and super ego
(b) Sensations and Feelings
(c) Death instinct and libido
(d) Life instinct and libido
240. According to Wundt, when sensations are blended together, it gives rise to:
(a) Hallucinations
(b) Dreams
(c) Illusions
(d) Images
241. Tridimensional theory of feeling was advocated by:
(a) Wilhelm Wundt
(b) John Locke
(c) E. B. Titchener
(d) Galton
242. Sensations and Feelings have two basic attributes. These are:
(a) Quantity and Quality
(b) Quality and Intensity
(c) Quantity and Intensity
(d) Threshold and Intensity
243. The elements of sensations and feelings are combined to yield:
(a) Psychical Compounds
(b) Psychophysical Compounds
(c) Psychoneurological Compounds
(d) Psychosocial Compounds
244. Wundt suggested that the elements of consciousness are combined by means of:
(a) Dissociation
(b) Association
(d) Displacement
(c) Regression
245. Association of elements by similarity or by contrast is known as:
(a) Assimilation
(b) Complication
(c) Displacement
(d) Synthesis
246. A short person standing between two tall persons looks still more shorter due to assimilation of visual sensations by:
(a) Contrast
(b) Complication
(c) Association
(d) Synthesis
247. Wundt’s process of complication was partly derived from the complication experiment of:
(a) Titchener
(b) Herbart
(c) Freud
(d) William James
248. Complication refers to association of sensations from two sense modalities such as:
(a) Eye and Ear
(b) Tongue and Skin
(c) Eye and Tongue
(d) Ear and Tongue
249. To explain the combination of elements by association, Wundt formulated the:
(a) Principle of Creative Synthesis
(b) Law of Experimentation
(c) Law of Readiness
(d) Law of Security
250. Wundt borrowed the “Principles of Creative Synthesis” from the doctrine of mental chemistry developed by:
(a) Wilhelm Wundt
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) John Stuart Mill
(d) William James
251. Wundt has pointed out that the method of studying conscious or immediate experience is:
(a) Observation
(b) Experimentation
(c) Case Study
(d) Introspection
252. According to Wundt, as phenomenon, apperception refers to focus of:
(a) Consciousness
(b) Unconscious
(c) Preconscious
(d) Superego
253. Apperception is the synthesis of elements into the totality of:
(a) Superego
(b) Ego
(c) Consciousness
(d) Unconscious
254. In his theory, Wundt has revealed that mind and body are parallel but not interacting systems. This concept is popularly known as Wundt’s:
(a) Psychophysical Parallelism
(b) Psychoneurological synthesis
(c) Psychosocial Parallelism
(d) Psychosocial Synthesis
255. Who was regarded as an “identity theorist” because he accepted mind and body as two aspects of same reality?
(a) E. B. Titchener
(b) Wilhelm Wundt
(c) Sigmund Freud
(d) J. B. Watson
256. Wurzburg School in Germany was established under the leadership of:
(a) G. E. Muller
(b) Oswald Kulpe
(c) E. B. Titchener
(d) Wilhelm Wundt
257. According to Titchener, all science had its starting point in:
(a) Experience
(b) Attention
(c) Perception
(d) Behaviour
258. E.B. Titchener’s formal definition of the subject matter of Psychology was:
(a) Experience dependent on an experiencing person
(b) Unconscious experience of an individual
(c) Conscious experience of a person
(d) Conscious experience during birth
259. For Titchener, mind consists of the sum total of a person’s experiences:
(a) Summed from birth to death
(b) At any given time
(c) Summed in childhood
(d) Summed in adulthood
260. Consciousness consists of the sum total of a person’s experiences:
(a) Summed in childhood
(b) Summed in adolescence
(c) At any given time
(d) Summed from birth to death
261. In his book “Outlines of Psychology”, Titchener pointed out that there are more than 42,415 different types of:
(a) Sensations
(b) Perceptions
(c) Emotions
(d) Feelings
262. Titchner has rejected Wundt’s tridimensional theory of:
(a) Emotion
(b) Feeling
(c) Sensations
(d) Perceptions
263. For Titchener, “affections” were the elements of:
(a) Emotion
(b) Feeling
(c) Perception
(d) Sensation
264. E.B, Titchener rejected Wurzburger’s claim for imageless thought because of:
(a) Faulty or Incomplete Introspection
(b) Faulty collection of data
(c) Faulty Observation
(d) Faulty synthesis
265. “Stimulus Error” was encountered by Titchener in:
(a) Observation
(b) Introspection
(c) Experimentation
(d) Imagination
266. In 1915, who has formulated his famous theory named “Context theory of meaning”?
(a) E. B. Titchener
(b) Wilhelm Wundt
(c) E. C. Tolman
(d) J. B. Watson
267. Who said, “Emotions are nothing but intensified feelings arising from sensations within the body?
(a) Wilhelm Wundt
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) J. B. Watson
(d) William James
268. The important core of emotion is:
(a) Attention
(b) Feeling
(c) Perception
(d) Intelligence
269. Titchener pointed out two methods of studying emotion and these are:
(a) Methods of Impression and Methods of Expression
(b) Methods of Observation and Experimentation
(c) Methods of Introspection and Observation
(d) Methods of Case Study and Introspection
270. Who said “Psychology is the Science of mental life, both of phenomena and of their conditions”?
(a) William James
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) J. B. Watson
271. According to James, psychology is a part of:
(a) Social Science
(b) Natural Science
(c) Sociology
(d) Physiology
272. James defined Psychology as the Science of:
(a) Unconscious
(b) Mental Life
(c) Subconscious
(d) Soul
273. The importance of Experimental method was recognized by:
(a) Wilhelm Wundt
(b) J. B. Watson
(c) E. B. Tichener
(d) William James
274. Comparative Method is a subsidiary to the method of:
(a) Case Study
(b) Biography
(c) Observation and Experimentation
(d) Introspection and Experimentation
275. The difficulties and problems encountered in the execution of the methods in psychology are called “snares” by:
(a) William James
(b) E.B. Titchener
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) J.B. Watson
276. When an experimenter generally tends to read the perceptions more than what is really present there, it is called:
(a) Psychologist’s fallacy
(b) Experimental Error
(c) Data Error
(d) Data fallacy
277. James “Psychologist’s Fallacy” is somewhat similar to Titchener’s:
(a) Stimulus Error
(b) Response Error
(c) Context Error
(d) Self Error
278. In advocating the doctrine of instinct, James was influenced by:
(a) Charles Darwin
(b) C. G. Lange
(c) Sigmund Freud
(d) C. G. Jung
279. For James, Self was equivalent to what we today call as:
(a) Person
(b) Personality
(c) Soul
(d) Mind
280. G. S. Hall was a “Hybrid psychologist” having features of both:
(a) James and Wundt
(b) Freud and Adler
(c) Jung and Wood Worth
(d) James and Titchener
282. Functionalism was one of the most flexible schools of:
(a) German Psychologists
(b) American Psychologists
(c) Swiss Psychologists
(d) British Psychologists
283. In 1885, Spencer published his famous book:
(a) Primer of Psychology
(b) An outline of Psychology
(c) Principles of Psychology
(d) Experimental Psychology
284. For Spencer, evolution involved a change from indefinite homogeneity having a continuous process of integration and differentiation. Such changes are nothing a continuous process of:
(a) Maladjustment
(b) Adjustment
(c) Creativity
(d) Intelligence
285. The higher an organism was on the evolutionary ladder, the more complex and differentiated were its:
(a) Responses
(b) Stimuli
(c) Personality
(d) Reflexes
286. The simplest responses are inflexible and represent a total adjustment to environment these are called:
(a) Creativity
(b) Reflexes
(c) Stimuli
(d) Feelings
287. Higher animals show complex reflex actions which are called:
(a) Instincts
(b) Libido
(c) Feelings
(d) Images
288. Charles Darwin was regarded as evolutionary forerunner of:
(a) Functionalism
(b) Behaviourism
(c) Structuralism
(d) Dynamism
289. Sir Francis Galton was very much inspired by his cousin Darwin in studying the role of hereditary factors in:
(a) Animals
(b) Human beings
(c) Birds
(d) Tigers
290. Galton’s book “Hereditary Genius” was published in 1869 and it contained the studies of individual differences in:
(a) Intelligence
(b) Perception
(c) Learning
(d) Memory
291. Functionalism reached its peak of popularity under the leadership of:
(a) Harvey Carr
(b) William James
(c) James R. Angell
(d) John Dewey
292. R. S. Woodworth brought Functionalism to Columbia University although his psychology departed enough from the functionalist’s position to develop a new system called:
(a) Analytical Psychology
(b) Individual Psychology
(c) Hormic Psychology
(d) Dynamic Psychology
293. Who has launched “Progressive Education Movement” and applied pragmatism in Education?
(a) John Dewey
(b) J. R. Angell
(c) Harvey Carr
(d) William James
294. Who defined perception as the cognition of something in relation to some act of adjustment?
(a) J. R. Angell
(b) Harvey Carr
(c) John Dewey
(d) William James
295. Harvey Carr considered emotion as:
(a) Organic Adjustment
(b) Reflex Action
(c) Brain disorder
(d) Birth trauma
296. Who considered thinking as an apprehension of the situations objects that are not immediately present in the environment?
(a) William James
(b) Harvey Carr
(c) J. B. Watson
(d) E. B. Titchener
297. Harvey Carr regarded attention, motives and learnings to be the three primary agents of:
(a) Behaviour Selection
(b) Dualistic Restriction
(c) Cognition
(d) Perception
298. Harvey A. Carr is an important representative of:
(a) Functional Psychology
(b) Structural psychology
(c) Gestalt psychology
(d) Psychoanalysis
299. Associationism was never a formal school of psychology. It existed as a movement both prior and subsequent to the emergence of the experimental psychology of:
(a) J. B. Watson
(b) E. B. Titchener
(c) Harvey Carr
(d) Wilhelm Wundt
300. In a formal sense, Associationism started with:
(a) John S. Mill
(b) David Hartley
(c) Wilhelm Wundt
(d) J. B. Watson
Answers
201. (c) 202. (a) 203. (b) 204. (d) 205. (b) 206. (b) 207. (c) 208. (b) 209. (a) 210. (b) 211. (a) 212. (a) 213. (b) 214. (a) 215. (b)216. (a) 217. (a) 218. (b) 219. (c) 220. (c) 221. (a) 222. (b) 223. (a) 224. (d) 225. (b) 226. (a) 227. (d) 228. (b) 229. (a) 230. (b) 231. (d) 232. (b) 233. (b) 234. (b) 235. (b) 236. (a) 237. (b) 238. (a) 239. (b) 240. (d) 241. (a) 242. (b) 243. (a) 244. (b) 245. (a) 246. (a) 247. (b) 248. (a) 249. (a) 250. (c) 251. (d) 252. (a) 253. (c) 254. (a) 255. (b) 256. (b) 257. (a) 258. (a) 259. (a) 260. (c) 261. (a) 262. (b) 263. (a) 264. (a) 265. (b) 266. (a) 267. (b) 268. (b) 269. (a) 270. (a) 271. (b) 272. (b) 273. (d) 274. (d) 275. (a) 276. (a) 277. (a) 278. (a) 279. (b) 280. (a) 281. (b) 282. (b) 283. (c) 284. (b) 285. (a) 286. (b) 287. (a) 288. (a) 289. (b) 290. (a) 291. (a) 292. (d) 293. (a) 294. (b) 295. (a) 296. (b) 297. (a) 298. (a) 299. (d) 300. (b)