Having identified the broad aims and specific objectives and prescribed a plan, the next step in the management process is organizing. With a view to getting work done by others, management is required to pay attention to organizing personnel and their work. Organization weaves a neat pattern of relationships among personnel (their efforts), jobs (duties) and activities (work) for ensuring a harmonious teamwork towards the attainment of aims.
According to Koontz and O’Donnell, organization involves the establishment of authority relationships with provision for co-ordination between them, both vertically and horizontally in the enterprise structure.
Sheldon defines organization as the process of so combining the work which individuals or groups have to preform with facilities necessary for its execution, that the duties so performed provide the best channels for efficient, systematic, positive and co-ordinated application of available effort.
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Thus, organization as a function of management is concerned with the following aspects:
i. Identifying and grouping of work and activities.
ii. Assigning these activities to appropriate departments, sections and individuals.
iii. Defining responsibility.
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iv. Providing authority, delegation, accountability.
v. Ensuring co-ordination and communication.
vi. Provision of facilities and equipment.
vii. Establishing structural relationships.
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In other words, the process of organization is concerned with the work, the people and the authority-responsibility relationship.
Organization is aimed at generating effective group action towards predetermined objectives. An appropriate structuring, functioning and performance of an institution i.e., organizing, depends on a clear understanding of its objectives and strategies.
Organization is concerned with a clear division of work, allocating duties, responsibilities and accountability and defining power at each position in the organization chart. Co-ordination and integration ensure unity of action and elimination of duplication of work.
The organization process in an educational institution may be said to be effective if:
(a) It enables the institution to maximize its outputs and optimum utilization of resources through an efficient man-technology-machine system.
(b) It ensures a smooth and effective network of procuring, processing and disseminating information and communication.
(c) It offers meaningful jobs and education to teachers and students respectively, ensures satisfaction with the institution in both these groups and brings about a balance between mechanistic and humanistic approaches.
(d) It creates, maintains and enhances it own image or individuality.