When researcher finds a difficulty in selecting an appropriate method of data collection for his research. The researcher must judiciously select the methods of data collection for his research study keeping in view the following factors:
(1) Nature, Object and Scope of Inquiry:
The choice of selecting a method of data collection is affected by the nature, object and scope of that inquiry.
The method of data collection should be such that suits the type of enquiry that is being conducted by the researcher. This factor also helps the researcher to decide whether the secondary data to be used or the primary data are to be collected for the enquiry.
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(2) Availability of Funds:
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The method of data collection to be used is also affected by the availability of funds, at the disposal of the researcher. If the researcher has limited funds, he will have to select a comparatively cheaper method. Thus finance is a big constraint in practice and the researcher has to act accordingly.
(3) Time Element:
Time element plays a very important role in deciding a particular method of data collection. Some methods are relatively more time consuming, whereas with others data can be collected in a very short period. The researcher has to decide the method of data collection keeping in mind the time at his disposal.
(4) Accuracy Required:
The selection of an appropriate method of data collection is also influenced by the accuracy required in an investigation by the researcher.
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But one must always remember that each method of data collection has its merits and demerits and none is superior in all the situations. For example, personal interview method is said to be relatively better when funds permit and more information is required whereas telephone interview method may be considered appropriate if the funds and time are limited and data is to be collected in respect of a few items with or without a certain degree of accuracy.
Mail questionnaire can be used when the time is ample, funds are limited and much information is to be collected with no precision. The secondary data can be used by the researcher if they have the attributes of reliability, adequacy, accuracy and suitability.
Thus, the most desirable and appropriate approach with regard to the selection of the method depends on the nature of a particular research problem and the time, money, energy available along with the desired degree of accuracy. However, over and above this, much depends upon the ability and experience of the researcher. Dr. A.L. Bowley has rightly pointed out in this context that, ‘in collection of statistical data common senses is the chief requisite and experience the chief teacher.’