An educational institution consists of many subsystems which interact with each other and create a pattern of behaviour. Any change in one of the subsystems creates changes in other subsystems. Main subsystems of an a institution are as follows:
(1) Technical Subsystem:
It represents the form organizational structure and the interrelationships of tasks. It includes tasks, activities, skills, techniques, strategies, methodologies and knowledge required to perform jobs. It regulates the work behaviour of teachers in an institution. It is necessary for ensuring effective and efficient teaching-learning and student-evaluation.
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(2) Social Subsystem:
It represents the informal part of an institution. It consists of individuals and their mutual social interactions. It also includes status, group norms and values. Status denotes the social rank of a person while role denotes the behaviour pattern expected from the person.
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Norms signify the expected levels or standards of behaviour, values, morals and achievement. Social subsystem greatly influences behaviour of members of an institution. In fact, behaviours as required by the technical subsystems are modified by the social subsystem.
(3) Structural Subsystem:
It implies the pattern of interrelationships among people designed formally to accomplish co-ordination among them. It also includes the physical setting or the environment in which work is to be done.
(4) Managerial Subsystem:
It exists to create and maintain co-ordination among other subsystems to achieve the goals of the total system. It incorporates the processes of operation, review, control, direction and evaluation.
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Operation here refers to teaching-learning and student-evaluation processes and control is done with reference to the objectives of the system. The managerial subsystem is also responsible for taking corrective actions on the basis of the feedback received.