India is a Parliamentary Democracy modelled on the Westminster Parliamentary Democracy of the United Kingdom. Accordingly, the head of the government at the Centre (New Delhi) is the Prime Minister who has a Council of Ministers reporting to him and assisting him in the task of administration.
The head of the State is the President. He is a symbolic, nominal executive wielding real and substantive powers only in emergency situations. All administration is carried on in his name by the Prime Minister and the Ministerial Council. The legislature, the judiciary and the executive (comprising the political establishment and the bureaucracy) comprise the three organs or branches of the government.
This structure of government, like in parliamentary democracies generally, is based on the principle of fusion of powers between the different government arms in contrast to a democratic government of the Presidential type, which is based on separation of powers/checks and balances. (USA is a prime example of this).
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The above governmental structure in New Delhi, the capital of the country and the seat of the central government, is replicated in the constituent units the states of the Indian Union.
Thus, corresponding to the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers at the Centre, we have the Chief Minister heading a Ministerial Council in a state. Similarly, corresponding to the President at the Centre, we have the Governor as the symbolic, nominal executive in a state government. Like the figurehead President at the Centre, the Governor exercises substantial powers only in situations of emergence.
This, if you will notice, are the major details of the executive branch of a democratic government in India at the Centre and in the states. The legislature and the judiciary are the other two major organs of the government. Here, again a basic point to be noted by you is that the pattern at the Centre is duplicated in the states.
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Thus, as regards the central legislature (Parliament), it is bicameral (two Houses) with a lower House (Lok Sabha or the House of the People) and an upper House (Rajya Sabha or the Council of Slates).
This pattern is seen in the slates where the lower House or chamber is the Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and the upper House is the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad). It must be, however, mentioned here that some of the Indian states have a unicameral (one House only) legislature; they do not have the Vidhan Parishad.
Coming to the judiciary, again while the central court also the highest ranking court in the country is the Supreme Court (again located in New Delhi) headed by a Chief Justice assisted by other justices.
In the states, one has High Courts headed by the Chief Justice of the High Court and assisted by other judges Thus; you can see that our country has a well-defined government structure with the form and pattern at the Centre being duplicated in the states. Such a well- delineated structure normally facilitates the democratic process in a country.