Landforms are features that make up the Earth’s surface. There are many kinds of landforms like plains (a flat area on Earth’s surface), deserts (a hot and dry, barren region usually sandy and without trees, little or no rainfall or practical use of land unless irrigated), mountains (place on Earth’s surface that is much higher than the land around it), canyon (a deep valley with very steep sides), plateau (a flat area higher than the land around it), cape (a curved or hooked piece of land extending into a body of water), coast (land along the sea or ocean), continent (one of the seven largest bodies of land on earth), and valley (a lowland area between higher lands such as mountains).
The Earth’s crust is altered by constant forces resulting from plate movement. Tectonic (developed within the Earth) forces shaping and reshaping the Earth’s crust are of two types- diastrophism (the great pressures acting on the plates that deforms them by folding, twisting, warping, breaking, or compressing rock) and volcanism (the force that transports heated material to or toward the surface of the Earth).
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Some landforms are created by the action of wind, water, and ice. This action physically changes the Earth’s surface by carving and eroding land surfaces, carrying and depositing soil, sand and other debris. Crustal movement and other tectonic activity inside Earth create landforms; mountains, faults, sinks, and volcanoes. Landform, also known as topography which also refers to surface features of a nation/region /world, such as mountains, plains, deserts, rivers, waterfalls, beaches, tropical forests, etc.
Topology affects not only a country’s economic wealth, but culture, politics and social structure too. To a businessman, the product, its package and distribution will be highly influenced by physical and climatic variations, not one between the nations but also within a nation.
Thus, if topological considerations are not kept in mind market analysis may go haywires. Topography can work as a product, as is the case with Maldives Islands, Thailand (Phuket), and India (Goa and Kashmir) to make money through tourism. In some cases the topography may also work as a constraint on a country’s economy as well as international business. Countries like Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, etc are landlocked and have to use ports of other countries to trade goods through sea routes.