350 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers on “Philosophical Foundations of Education” for Education Students – Part 1:
1. What is the origin of the word Education?
(a) ‘E’ and ‘Catum’
(b) Edu and ‘Catum’
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(c) Word ‘Educate’
(d) None of these.
2. Which of the following statements is correct?
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(a) Education is an art
(b) Education is a science
(c) It is neither an art nor science
(d) To some extent it is art and to some extent it is science.
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3. What is called education acquired without any specific purpose, fixed period and place?
(a) Indirect Education
(b) Individual Education
(c) Informal Education
(d) Formal Education.
4. Which one of the following sentences is correct about the nature of teaching?
(a) It is diagnostic
(b) It is remedial
(c) It is diagnostic as well as remedial
(d) All the above statements are correct.
5. What is the compulsory element of learning?
(a) Ability to read
(b) Bright Mind
(c) Tendency to know
(d) None of these.
6. What is the place of principal in an educational institute?
(a) Overall head of the school
(b) Manager of the school
(c) Owner of the school
(d) Founder of the school.
7. If a student failed in any class what should be done to him?
(a) He should be given a chance to improve and sent to the next class after he improves
(b) He should be kept in the same class
(c) He should be advised to leave studies
(d) All the above methods are right.
8. Why are curriculum activities used in teaching?
(a) Make teaching easy
(b) To make teaching interesting, easy to understand and effective
(c) To make teaching attractive
(d) To assist the teacher.
9. What are the three components of the educational process?
(a) Education, teacher and books
(b) Teacher, student and education
(c) Teaching, learning and practice
(d) Direction, instruction and skill.
10. What is teaching through deductive method?
(a) From general to specific
(b) From specific to general
(c) From macro to micro-
(d) From easy to difficult.
11. What is the main centre of informal Education?
(a) Society
(b) Family
(c) Radio and Television
(d) All of the above.
12. Which is the first school for a child’s education?
(a) Society
(b) Friends
(c) Family
(d) School.
13. Which one of the following education systems supports scientific progress?
(a) Realistic Education
(b) Idealistic Education
(c) Naturalistic Education
(d) None of these.
14. What is the meaning of lesson plan?
(a) To read the lesson before teaching it
(b) To prepare all that the teacher wants to teach in a limited period
(c) To prepare detailed answers of all the questions to be asked in the class
(d) To prepare the list of questions to be asked.
15. On what depends the values of an educational experience in the eyes of the idealist?
(a) Whether or not the pupil has been properly motivated
(b) Whether or not it preserves accepted institutions
(c) The extent to which it satisfies pupil desires
(d) The manner in which it affects future experience.
16. Which educational activity is most desirable to the pragmatist?
(a) Approximates the goals which educational scientists have set up
(b) Results from the indiscrimination of the pupil in democratic theory.
(c) That is beneficial effect upon the future experiences of the pupil
(d) That characterizes by spontaneous, active, continuously pleasurable and practical for the pupil.
17. What is the view point of progressive educators regarding the issue of liberal vs. vocational education?
(a) Vocational ends load one to degrade learning
(b) Liberal arts subject should proceed vocational training
(c) Vocational and liberal education should not be separated
(d) All subjects should have a vocational orientation.
18. Who was the supporter of Naturalism in Education?
(a) Frolbel
(b) Armstrong
(c) John Locke
(d) Rosseau.
19. What do you mean by curriculum?
(a) A child learns through curriculum
(b) Sum total of the annual study
(c) Sum total of the activities of a school
(d) Indicates the course to be taught by the teachers to the students throughout the year.
20. Which system of education was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi?
(a) Teaching by activities
(b) Teaching through music
(c) Teaching through listening, meditation etc.
(d) All of these.
21. Who raised the slogan “Back to Nature”?
(a) Realism
(b) Pragmatism
(c) Naturalism
(d) Existentialism.
22. Which statement is not correct about Naturalism?
(a) A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period
(b) A reaction against the degenerated humanism of the Renaissance period.
(c) A reaction against sophistication, artificiality and paraphernalia in education
(d) A reaction against a mere study of books and linguistic forms.
23. Who said, “Reverse the usual practice and you will almost always do right?”
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Rousseau
(c) Dewey
(d) Plato.
24. “Human institutions are one mass of folly and contradiction.” Whose statement is this?
(a) Bernard Shaw
(b) Rousseau
(c) Dewey
(d) Ravinder Nath Tagore.
25. According to which school of philosophy of education, exaltation of individual’s personality is a function of education?
(a) Pragmatism
(b) Idealism
(c) Marxism
(d) Idealism and Marxism both.
26. Which is not Naturalism’s aim of Education?
(a) Education is the notion of man’s evolution from lower forms of life
(b) To equip the individual or the nation for the struggle for existence so as to ensure survival
(c) To help the pupils to learn to be in harmony with and well-adapted to their surroundings
(d) To inculcate ethical and moral values in the pupils.
27. Which school held the view, “God makes all things good; man meddles with and they become evil?”
(a) Marxism
(b) Existentialism
(c) Naturalism
(d) Pragmatism.
28. Which school maintained self-expression with the accompanying cries of “no interference”, “no restraints”?
(a) Extreme form of Naturalism
(b) Most widely accepted form of Naturalism
(c) Truest form of Naturalism
(d) Most valid form of Naturalism.
29. Which is not the nature of philosophy?
(a) It is a science of knowledge
(b) It is a collective ensemble of various viewpoints
(c) It is a planned attempt on search for the truth
(d) It is the totality of man’s creative ideas.
30. Which branch of philosophy deals with knowledge, its structure, method and validity?
(a) Logic
(b) Aesthetics
(c) Epistemology
(d) Metaphysics.
31. Which school maintained: “Natural impulses of the child are of great importance and are good in themselves?”
(a) Biological Naturalism
(b) Mechanical Naturalism
(c) Naturalism of physical science
(d) Romantic Naturalism.
32. Which branch of philosophy examines issues pertaining to the nature of “reality?”
(a) Ontology
(b) Metaphysics
(c) Axiology
(d) Epistemology.
33. On what is based the need for teaching philosophy of education?
(a) All pupils are not alike
(b) Different systems of education found in different countries
(c) Different philosophies expressed different points of view on every aspect of education
(d) Different ways of teaching-learning.
34. What is the goal of education according to Idealism?
(a) Perfect adaptation to the environment
(b) Realisation of moral values
(c) Satisfaction of human wants
(d) Cultivation of dynamic, adaptable mind which will be resourceful and enterprising in all situations.
35. The aim of education according to the Existentialists is
(a) Humanitarian and humanist self- realization.
(b) Adaptation to practical life.
(c) Objective knowledge.
(d) A good understanding of the world outside.
36. The Realist’s aim of education is
(a) Self-realization
(b) Spiritual and moral development
(c) Happy and moral development
(d) Total development of personality.
37. Naturalist’s conception of man is
(a) Man’s very essence of being is his spiritual nature.
(b) It is spirit rather than animality that is most truly man.
(c) There exists in the nature of things a perfect pattern of each individual.
(d) Nature would have them children before they are men.
38. Which philosophy of education considers psychology as an incomplete study of and an inadequate basis of educational theory?
(a) Realism
(b) Pragmatism
(c) Idealism
(d) Naturalism.
39. Which among the following does not fit into the scheme of educational goals of the Idealists?
(a) Care of body
(b) Moral values
(c) Skills
(d) Self-expression.
40. Religious education is strongly advocated by
(a) Pragmatists.
(b) Idealists,
(c) Realist.
(d) Existentialists.
41. Which of the following is said about the idealists?
(a) They are content with “briars”
(b) They like “roses”
(c) They are satisfied neither with “briars” nor with “roses”
(d) They want “roses” and “briars” both.
42. Which school of philosophy of education advocated Project method of teaching?
(a) Realism
(b) Pragmatism
(c) Idealism
(d) Naturalism.
43. Play way method of teaching has been emphasised in the scheme of the education of
(a) Naturalists.
(b) Realists,
(c) Pragmatists.
(d) Existentialists.
44. Which is the most widely accepted method of education, according to the pragmatists?
(a) Lecturing by the teacher.
(b) Leaving the child free to learn.
(c) Learning by doing.
(d) Heuristic method.
45. The pragmatists are against
(a) The external examinations
(b) The specialist teachers
(c) Breakdown of knowledge into separate subjects.
(d) Eternal spiritual values.
46. Pragmatism has a greater sense of responsibility than Naturalism with regard to moral training because
(a) The free activity which pragmatic- system of education entails does not mean licence; rather it means a guided activity.
(b) They emphasize teaching of values
(c) They consider education, basically, a social process.
(d) They do not want the teacher to abdicate from the scene.
47. Which of the following claims of the pragmatists is not acceptable?
(a) The free activity of the pupil is likely to result in permanent attitudes of initiative and independence and moral discipline
(b) Training in citizenship is possible through school and community activities
(c) Training in character through school’s co-curricular activities is possible
(d) Child’s own experience is valuable for adequate development of child’s personality.
48. Project method of teaching is an outstanding contribution of
(a) Realism.
(b) Pragmatism,
(c) Naturalism.
(d) Idealism.
49. Which is the characteristic of the project method?
(a) Problematic act
(b) Carried in its natural setting
(c) Used for all-round-development of child’s personality.
(d) A voluntary undertaking.
50. Which among the following is not essentially desirable in the project method?
(a) The task of the project is as real as the task of the life outside the walls of the school
(b) The task of the project involves constructive effort or thought yielding objective results
(c) The task of the project should be full of message for the children
(d) The task of the project should be interesting enough so that the pupil is genuinely eager to carry it out.
51. Which is a great disadvantage of the project method?
(a) It consumes much of the time of the child
(b) It leaves gaps in the knowledge of the child
(c) Children are generally not interested in it
(d) Teachers, generally, do not like to teach through it.
52. Learning by Project Method is technically known as
(a) Incidental learning.
(b) Efficient learning.
(c) Systematic learning.
(d) Adequate learning.
53. Education, according to the Pragmatist is
(a) Wholly pupil-oriented.
(b) Wholly society-oriented.
(c) Wholly purposive.
(d) Wholly interdisciplinary.
54. Who among the following is not a follower of Pragmatic Philosophy?
(a) William James
(b) Peshtalozzi
(c) John Dewey
(d) Kilpatrick.
55. What is not associated with Pragmatism?
(a) Purposive education
(b) Experience-based education
(c) Freedom-based education
(d) Education for self-realization.
56. Who emphasised realization of Truth, Beauty and Goodness as the aims of education?
(a) Idealists
(b) Pragmatists
(c) Realists
(d) Naturalists.
57. Which statement about truth is not correct according to the philosophy of Pragmatism?
(a) It is made by man
(b) It is ever changing
(c) It is eternal
(d) It is what emerges to be true in actual practice.
58. In whose methodology of teaching “Experimentation” is the key-note of?
(a) Idealism
(b) Existentialism
(c) Realism
(d) Pragmatism.
59. The term “progressive education” related to
(a) Realism.
(b) Pragmatism.
(c) Idealism.
(d) Existentialism.
60. Who said, “No fixed aims of education and no values in advance”?
(a) Progressive educators
(b) Idealists
(c) Realists
(d) Marxists.
61. Which school of philosophy of education stresses the direct study of men and things through tours and travels?
(a) Social realism
(b) Idealism
(c) Existentialism
(d) Marxism.
62. Which school believes that all knowledge comes through the senses?
(a) Idealism
(b) Sense Realism
(c) Pragmatism
(d) Existentialism.
63. Which school raised the slogan “Things as they are and as they are likely to be encountered in life rather than words?”
(a) Pragmatist
(b) Realists
(c) Idealists
(d) Existentialists.
64. As Huxley pleaded for the introduction of “a complete and thorough scientific culture” into schools, he is claimed to be
(a) An Idealist.
(b) A Realist,
(c) A Pragmatist.
(d) A Naturalist.
65. Realism in education was born out of
(a) The enthusiasm of the Renaissance.
(b) The great religious movement of the 17th century.
(c) A cleavage between the work of the schools and the life of the world outside that occurred during the 19th century.
(d) The degeneration of humanism after Renaissance.
66. Which of the following is not criticised by realism in education?
(a) Teachers denying the value of school co-curricular activities
(b) Pupils cramming for knowledge from books for reproducing in examination
(c) Organizing schools in a way that is conducive to practical training in citizenship
(d) Teaching which drifts away from life of the child.
67. In the light of relevant past events, contemporary events and their understanding should find a place in the teaching of history. Who maintained this principle?
(a) Naturalists
(b) Idealists
(c) Realists
(d) Marxists.
68. The most important thing to keep in mind for a teacher according to Realism in education is
(a) The method of teaching.
(b) The value and significance of what is taught.
(c) The nature of the child.
(d) Organization of the content to be taught.
69. Which school of philosophy very strongly advocates that education should be vocational in character?
(a) Existentialism
(b) Naturalism
(c) Realism
(d) Pragmatism.
70. Which is not an aspect of mind according to the Realists’ theory of knowing?
(a) Awareness
(b) Consciousness
(c) Behaviour
(d) Processing of awareness.
71. Who believe that “Objects have a reality independent of mental phenomena”?
(a) Idealists
(b) Realists
(c) Naturalists
(d) Existentialists.
72. Marxist educational philosophy is closer to
(a) Idealism.
(b) Realism.
(c) Naturalism.
(d) Pragmatism.
73. Which among the following statements is not a characteristic of Marxism?
(a) It presupposes a reality independent of man’s mind
(b) Its educational philosophy is essentially materialistic
(c) Its major objective is the development of child’s personality
(d) It asserts that physical environment can definitely change the nature of the child.
74. Which school of philosophy of education regrets dualism between cultural, and vocational curriculum?
(a) Marxism
(b) Idealism
(c) Existentialism
(d) Naturalism.
75. According to which educational philosophy, socially useful labour must form the central pivot of the entire school?
(a) Idealism
(b) Marxism
(c) Existentialism
(d) Naturalism.
76. Which of the following has been asserted about schools by Marxist educational philosophy?
(a) They should stand above politics
(b) They should disinterestedly serve society as a whole
(c) They should function as deliberate instruments of state policy
(d) They should not be mere weapons in the hands of the ruling class.
77. Which of the following characteristics is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism and Existentialism?
(a) Emphasis on spiritual aims of education
(b) Emphasis on the individual
(c) Emphasis on physical environment
(d) Emphasis on value education.
78. Whose is the ultimate concern-“What is existence”?
(a) Idealists only
(b) Realists only
(c) Existentialists and Idealists both
(d) Existentialists only.
79. Which of the following philosophies held that ‘Men in the world feel lonely and anxious, being unsure of their meaning and fearful of their annihilation’ ?
(a) Existentialism
(b) Idealism
(c) Marxism
(d) Pragmatism.
80. According to Existentialists, the essence of existence means
(a) Unity with the ultimate reality.
(b) Spiritual good and happiness.
(c) Tensions and contradictions which condition loneliness and anxiety.
(d) Continuous growth and development.
81. Who was the nineteenth century founder of Existentialism?
(a) Hegel
(b) Soren Kierkegaard
(c) Rousseau
(d) D.J. O’Connor.
82. Who was twentieth century Existentialist?
(a) Soren Kierkegaard
(b) D.J. O’Connor
(c) Jean Paul Sartre
(d) Hegel.
83. Which of the following is more generally acceptable by modern educationists?
(a) There should be one single aim of education unchangeable over time and space
(b) There is one grand objective of education; and that is the development of the inner nature of the child
(c) Contribution to the welfare of the society should be the only aim of education
(d) Education is bound to have several aims since its concerns are several such as the individual, the society, the family, the nation and so on.
84. What is development of human potentialities in education?
(a) Individual aim
(b) Social aim
(c) Individual as well as social aim
(d) Specific aim.
85. What is development of social sense and cooperation among the individuals through education?
(a) Individual aim
(b) Social aim
(c) National aim
(d) Constitutional aim.
86. Which among the following is not an acceptable criticism of social aims of education?
(a) They are anti-individual
(b) They are un-psychological as they do not take into account the capacities and interests of the individual
(c) They hinder the growth and development of art and literature
(d) Man, in them, becomes only a means to an end.
87. Which among the following is not emphasized by the individual aims of education?
(a) Individual freedom
(b) Self-expression
(c) Development of inner potentialities.
(d) Development of values of tolerance and non-violence.
88. Which of the following statements does not go in favour of the individual aims of education?
(a) The individual is an asset to the society; his development and growth are necessary
(b) The society is strong if the individual is strong
(c) Every individual is unique; development of his potentialities is essential
(d) Society is supreme and all individuals are only parts of it.
89. Which among the following is the most correct view about social and individual aims of education?
(a) Individual aims should be given preference to social aims
(b) Social aims should be preferred to individual aims
(c) Individual aims are implied in the social aims of education
(d) Individual and social aims are only two sides of the same coin.
90. Which statement is most acceptable to the academicians about “Bread and butter aim” of education?
(a) It is the most important aim and should be given top priority by educationists
(b) It is equally important along with other aims of education
(c) It is only partly acceptable
(d) It is important for only a section of the society.
91. Which of the following does not pertain to intellectual development aim of education?
(a) Cultivation of intelligence
(b) Spiritual development
(c) Development of cognitive powers
(d) Training and “formation” of mind.
92. Preparing the child for future life as an aim of education is preparing child for
(a) Some suitable vocation.
(b) Some particular course of study.
(c) Facing all kinds of emergencies and situations of future life.
(d) A happy married life.
93. the most effective method of character- formation is
(a) Teaching virtues through religious books.
(b) Organizing specialists’ lectures on importance of values in life.
(c) Teaching by high character teachers.
(d) Rewarding virtuous behaviours and presenting high character models in the schools.
94. Harmonious development of the child aim of education means
(a) Development of all the qualities of the mind to the maximum possible extent.
(b) Development of a sound mind in a sound body.
(c) Development of physical, mental, moral and spiritual potentialities of the child in a balanced manner.
(d) Development of the adjustment capacities of the child.
95. The social aims of education imply that
(a) The state is an idealized metaphysical entity.
(b) The state is above the individual citizen.
(c) The state is superior to the individual transcending all his desires and aspirations.
(d) The state has to give not to take anything from the individual.
96. Rigid system of state-education is justified on the basis that the state
(a) Is supreme to dictate what shall be taught and how shall be taught.
(b) Has absolute control over the lives, and destinies of its individual members.
(c) Has a right and a bounden duty to mould the citizen to a pattern which makes for its own preservation and enhancement.
(d) Has better resources to manage education.
97. Social aims of education imply the training of
(a) The individuals for the purpose of serving the needs of the society.
(b) Individuals according to their needs.
(c) The individuals according to their capacities.
(d) The individuals according to the facilities.
98. What does the individual aim of education imply?
(a) Education must secure for everyone the conditions under which the individuality is most completely developed
(b) It must contribute to the peace and happiness of the whole society
(c) It should have more and more institutions every year
(d) It should be by and large the concern of the private sector.
99. According to which philosophy of education, childhood is something desirable for its own sake and children should be children?
(a) Idealism
(b) Pragmatism
(c) Naturalism
(d) Realism.
100. Who emphasized that education should be a social process?
(a) Vivekananda
(b) Rousseau
(c) Dewey
(d) Pestalozzi
Answer:
1. (a) 2. (d) 3 (c) 4. (d) 5.(c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9.(b) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12.(c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (d) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36.(c) 37. (d) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (c) 51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (d) 56. (a) 57. (c) 58. (d) 59. (b) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (b) 64. (b) 65. (c) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (c) 70. (c) 71. (b) 72. (b) 73. (c) 74. (a) 75. (b) 76.(c) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (a) 80. (c) 81. (b) 82. (c) 83. (d) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (d) 90. (c) 91. (b) 92.(c) 93. (d) 94. (c) 95. (d) 96. (c) 97. (a) 98. (a) 99. (c) 100. (c)