7 Questions with Answers and Explanations on “Drug & Addiction” for Biology Students.
1. Analgesic drugs
(a) form tissues
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(b) relieve pain
(c) relieve fatigue
(d) cause pain.
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Answer and Explanation:
1. (b): A substance that reduces pain without causing unconsciousness, either by reducing the pain threshold or by increasing pain tolerance. There are several categories of analgesic drugs, including morphine and its derivatives which produce analgesia by acting on the central nervous system; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. aspirin); and local anaesthetics.
2. Opiate narcotic is
(a) bhang
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(b) charas
(c) heroin
(d) nicotine.
Answer and Explanation:
2. (c): The drugs derived from opium along with their synthetic relatives are called opioids or opiates. Opiates have narcotic, analgesic, astringent (that causes contraction of body parts), and sedative effect.
3. Nicotine acts as a stimulant, because it mimics the effect of
(a) testosterone
(b) dopamine
(c) thyroxine
(d) acetylcholine.
Answer and Explanation:
3. (d): Nicotine is the major stimulatory component of tobacco products including cigarettes. Nicotine has a number of effects on the human body similar to acetylcholine. It stimulates passage of nerve impulses, causes muscles to relax and causes the release of adrenaline, increasing both blood pressure and heart beat rate.
4. Which of the following is an opiate narcotic?
(a) amphetamines
(b) LSD
(c) barbiturates
(d) morphine.
Answer and Explanation:
4. (d): Opiates are derived from opium along with their synthetic relatives. Opiates have narcotic, analgesic, sedative and astringent effects. Narcotic is a drug that induces stupor and relieves pain. Morphine is the main opium alkaloid, which is a strong analgesic and also has sedative and calming effect. It depresses respiratory centre and contributes to the fall in blood pressure. It can cause release of ADH, reduction in urine output, constipation and mild hyperglycaemia etc. It causes addiction.
Barbiturates are substituted derivatives of barbituric acid. They reduce anxiety and induce sleep. Amphetamines are synthetic drugs which are strong stimulants. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is the most powerful hallucinogens that cause severe damage to central nervous system.
5. Which one of the following is correct match?
(a) reserpine – tranquilliser
(b) cocaine – opiatic narcotic
(c) morphine – hallucinogenic
(d) bhang – analgesic.
Answer and Explanation:
5. (a): Tranquillisers are drugs that have good effect id all types of psychosis, especially in schizophrenia. In a psychotic patient, these drugs reduce aggressiveness thoughts and behaviour are gradually normalized and anxiety is relieved, e.g. reserpine which is an alkaloid extracted from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina. Highs doses of it can cause sedation and mental depression Cocaine is a stimulant. Morphine is an opiate narcotic. Bhang is a hallucinogenic.
6. L.S.D. is
(a) hallucinogenic
(b) sedative
(c) stimulant
(d) tranquilliser.
Answer and Explanation:
6. (a): Hallucinogens are drugs that change thoughts, feelings and perceptions of individuals. They cause hallucinations. LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) is one such hallucinogen that causes horrible dreams, chronic psychosis and severe damage to the central nervous system. Sedatives give a feeling of calmness, relaxation or drowsiness in the body.
Their high doses induce sleep. Tranquillisers lower tension and anxiety without inducing sleep. Stimulants are the drugs that stimulate the nervous system, make a person more wakeful, alert and active; and cause excitement.
7. Which one of the following depresses brain activity and produces feelings of calmness, relaxation and drowsiness?
(a) morphine
(b) Valium
(c) amphetamines
(d) hashish.
Answer and Explanation:
7. (b): Valium is a benzodiazepine (sedative) that gives a teeling of relaxation, calmness or drowsiness in the body. Morphine is the main opium alkaloid that depresses respiratory centre and contributes to the fall in blood pressure. Amphetamines are synthetic drugs and are stimulant in nature. Hashish is a hallucinogen.